托福写作黄金词汇：100个替换词汇，高分必背！（上）

如果我们想要表达「A 建立在 B 的基础上」这个句子时，就可以选择不同的用词 > A be on the basis of B. > > B be the foundation of A. basis 和 foundation 这两个词都是「基础」的意思。如果我们在写作中出现了多处需要表达「A 建立在 B 的基础上」时，就可以交替使用上面两种句型和用词。此外，除了使用名词表达「基础」，我们还可以将其转化成动词词组的形式，例如： > A be built on B. 这样，同样的意思选用不同的词，就可以避免多处只用一种表达，给阅卷人造成考生词汇贫乏的感觉了。 那么哪些词经常会被应用在托福写作中？又有哪些词意思相近，可以在某种语境下相互替换呢？ 根据托福写作话题分类，本文为大家总结了 100 个托福写作黄金词汇以及替换词。在这 100 个词汇中，不仅囊括了与托福写作话题高度相关的词汇（例如：lead an extravagant / a lavish life「花钱大手大脚」（生活思考类）；eco-friendly「环境友好的」（社会环境类）等），还包括「表达观点」、「阐述理由」、「举例说明」时经常用到的词汇（例如：perspective / standpoint / opinion 可以相互替换；be skewed / biased 都表示「观点存在偏见」；表达某事带来的影响，不仅可以用 effect，还可以使用 influence, impact, result 等等）。这些词也是我们写每篇文章必然会用到的一些词汇，可以说，掌握了这 100 个词，不管遇到何种话题的写作题目，我们都可以从中找到借鉴，时刻为写作加分。下面，我们就一起来看一下这 100 个黄金词汇和替换词分别是什么。 1. famous people 名人 替换词：celebrities （单数为 celebrity） 2. opinion 观点 替换词：perspective / standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 3. complex 复杂的 替换词：intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) 4. part 部分 替换词：component 5. person 人 替换词：individual 6. friends 朋友、同伴 替换词：companions 7. enemy 敌人 替换词：opponent / foe 8. narrow minds 狭隘的头脑或观念 替换词：nsular minds 9. boring 无聊的 替换词：tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating) 10. cold 寒冷的 替换词：chilly (unpleasantly cold) / icy (extremely cold) 11. dangerous 危险的 替换词：perilous (very dangerous) / hazardous (dangerous, especially to people's safety and health) 12. nowadays 目前 替换词：currently 13. result 结果 替换词：consequence (the results or effects of something) 14. obvious 明显的 替换词：apparent / manifest 15. field 领域 替换词：domain (a particular field of thought, activities or interest) 16. wrong 错误的 替换词：erroneous (incorrect or partly correct) 17. change 改变、转变 替换词：convert (change into another form) 18. rich 富有 替换词：affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) 19. attractive 吸引人的 替换词：appealing (pleasing and attractive) / absorbing (something absorbing can attract you a great deal) 20. best 最好的 替换词：optimal (used to describe the best level something can achieve) 21. unbelievable 难以置信的 替换词：inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen) 22. method 方法 替换词：avenue (away of getting something done) 23. famous 著名的、出众的 替换词：distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in their career) 24. ancient 古老的 替换词：archaic (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) 25. possible 可能的、合理的 替换词：feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 26. so 因此 替换词：consequently / accordingly 27. rare 很少发生的 替换词：infrequent (doesn’t happen often) 28. careful 小心的、谨慎的 替换词：cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger) / prudent (careful and sensible) 29. dislike 不喜欢、厌恶 替换词：abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons) / loathe (dislike very much) 30. near 附近的 替换词：adjacent (two things next to each other) / adjoin (the same as adjacent) 31. common 普遍的 替换词：universal / ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 32. important 重要的 替换词：crucial (extremely important) / significant (amount or effect large enough to be important) 33. a life without regular exercise 缺乏定期锻炼的生活 替换词：a sedentary lifestyle 34. very popular 很受欢迎 替换词：prevalent / ubiquitous 35. strong 强有力的 替换词：powerful / mighty 36. be better than 比…好 替换词：be superior to 37. many 大量、许多 替换词：numerous 38. most suitable 最合适的 替换词：optimal 39. alone 孤独的 替换词：solitary 40. be the same 替换词：be identical / be homogenous / be uniform 41. happy 开心的 替换词：delighted 42. good for the environment 对环境好，环保 替换词：eco-friendly 43. doubt sth. 怀疑某事 替换词：be skeptical about sth. 44. have many different abilities 多才多艺、多面手 替换词：be versatile / be well-rounded 45. poor-quality 质量差替换词：substandard 46. spend a lot of money 花钱大手大脚 替换词：lead an extravagant / a lavish life 47. with long history 历史悠久 替换词：time-honored（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如 tradition / practice / methods / heritage） 48. be very interested in 对…感兴趣 替换词：be absorbed in / be engrossed in 49. be qualified for 胜任 替换词：be eligible for 50. very difficult 很困难 替换词：daunting / formidable