托福阅读题型介绍：细节题和目的题

托福阅读的一些基本题目类型有，词汇题（Vocabulary）、细节题（Detail）、目的题（Purpose）、反面事实细节题（Negative Factual Information）、重要信息题（Essential Information）、指示题（Reference）、推断题（Inference）。 ### 托福阅读细节题 阅读题目的详细类型要求你确定文章中的事实信息。通常情况下，这个信息只在文章中出现一次。这个问题不会问一个和文章题目完全相同的主题或想法。 通常有以下几种问法： > According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of DETAIL? > The author's description of DETAIL mentions which of the following? > According to paragraph 2, why did DETAIL do ______ ? > According to the paragraph, how did DETAIL do _______ ? 样题示例： > 段落节选： > > Part of a passage: Finally, for a fear to truly be a phobia, it must be recurring. That is, if the man on the plane had flown before without incident and continued to use planes after this one panic attack without experiencing further bouts of unreasonable fear, then he would not be said to be suffering from a phobia. A true aviophobic could never contemplate flying in any form without experiencing severe symptoms of acute nervousness. In this case, the man's single onset of severe panic would most likely be viewed as symptomatic of some other mental disorder, perhaps brought on by unrelated stresses in his life. Obviously, the fact that phobias are recurring fears, or rather, that they involve constant fear of the object of the phobia, should not be taken to mean that the fear can never be overcome. A person who is suffering from a phobia may, either through great effort of will, or, more likely, through a course of psychiatric treatment, conquer his phobia and cease to be frightened of whatever it was he was formerly afraid of. > > 题目: > > According to the author, in paragraph 4, what might be one cause of a single instance of a phobic-like episode? > > A. Seeing plane crashes on the news > B. Watching too much violent television > C. Possessing a desire for public attention > D. Having too much stress in one's life > >解析：（D）是正确答案。直接在文中说明。（A）不正确。在飞机上看到飞机坠毁事件可能会导致航空公司乘客恐慌。（B）和（C）在文章中没有提及。 ### 托福阅读目的题 有了这种类型的阅读题目，你需要了解为什么在阅读文章中使用了一个细节、观点或论点。如果这篇文章逻辑和内容都是合理的的，那么这些细节、想法或论点都是有道理的。一个目的题不会问你为什么整个段落是按照它的方式组织的，而是询问某些句子或段落之间的逻辑关系。 通常有以下几种问法： > The author begins paragraph with _______ in order to... > > The author uses _______ as an example of... 样题示例： > Thus, American slaves soon found that music was one of the few methods of expressing themselves that their masters would permit and even encourage, as many of the slave owners found it pleasant to have slaves who could play music for them in the evenings. However, the plantation owners naturally wished to listen to music from their own culture, as well as to what they considered slave work songs. As a result, many slaves learned to play Western instruments and began to pick up Western songs, such as European dance music. European dance music at that time was characterized by harmony, or the playing of notes simultaneously to create a pleasing sound, an element previously lacking in the slave songs. It did not take long for blacks to begin experimenting with ways in which harmonic elements could be fused with the more tribal rhythms of the music of their own culture. The result of these experiments was the first type of jazz, known as the blues. The blues took their name from the reliance on blue notes, which are notes that are played at a lower pitch than would normally be expected in classical European music. > > 题目: Why does the author mention European dance music in paragraph 2? > > A. To describe one influence that helped turn African slave songs into jazz > B. To argue that European dance music was inferior to jazz's antecedents > C. To provide an example of a type of music that contrasts sharply with jazz > D. To explain why slave owners found the music of their slaves refreshing > >解析：（A）是正确答案。通过这一点来追踪爵士音乐的发展。（B）是不合逻辑的。欧洲舞蹈音乐是爵士乐的前奏之一。（C）错了。作者没有将欧洲舞蹈音乐与爵士乐相比较。（D）不正确。欧洲舞蹈音乐是奴隶主所熟悉的，不是新的。