托福语法点睛之如何区分宾语和状语
## 宾语：
**宾语表示动作的对象或承受者。**
**1）直接宾语：**及物动词的直接承受者。
They robbed **a bank**.
**2）间接宾语：**及物动词的间接承受者。
He bought **me**[间接宾语] *a new skirt*[直接宾语].
**3）复合宾语：**由两部分构成的宾语，后面部分可称为宾语补足语。
They elected <u>**him**[宾语] **vice-president**[宾补]</u>. ** (复合宾语)**
**4）介词宾语：**放在介词后面。
You will get it [动宾] from[介词] **me**[介宾].
**5）形式宾语 it：**借助 it 把真正的宾语放在句子后部去。
She found **it** difficult to convince him.
He hasn't made **it** clear when he is coming back.
## 状语
**状语用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。**
**1）时间状语**
She was born **in 1990**.
**2）地点状语**
We sat down **on the grass**.
**3) 原因状语**
She is now, **owing to ill health**, not so active in class.
**4) 方式状语**
He looked at me **without expression**.
**5) 目的状语 **
My father bought me a bike **so that I can get to school quickly**.
**6) 结果状语**
Hurry up, **or you will be late**.
**7) 让步状语 **
**Though he had very little money**, he always managed to dress smartly.
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## 如何区分宾语和状语？
诀窍就在于分清宾语（动作的对象或承受者）和状语（说明地点、时间、原因、目的等）的定义！
She welcomed **us [宾语] warmly [方式状语] last night [时间状语]**.
看完本文，有木有发现其实宾语和状语截然不同、各司其职。原来区分宾语和状语也不是一件难事。希望同学们能将这些理论和例句能消化吸收并迁移到新的句子。