托福语法:状语从句浅析
2018 年 06 月 01 日
来源:朗播网
摘要:状语从句对于托福考生来说一直都是个难点,一个原因是阅读中的状语从句比较难看懂,另外一个原因是考生们不会去造状语从句的句子,难以达到 OG 中要求的句式多样性。所以本文就给大家初步介绍一下状语从句,以及分类。
## 状语从句的定义
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause)指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
## 状语从句的分类
### 一、时间状语从句
用句子来充当时间状语,这个句子就叫时间状语从句。从本质上来讲,时间状语从句就是用来说明主句动作与从句动作发生时间上的先后关系。时间状语从句的引导词特别多,比如 when, as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,not...until,the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,immediately,directly,no sooner … than,hardly … when,scarcely … when,no sooner … than,hardly …when,scarcely … when作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装。
【例子】
**When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet**, we find that it is far from even.
### 二、地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示主句动作发生的场所,这类从句的连词有四种:where, wherever, anywhere 和 everywhere。
【例子】
A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta―a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments **where a river once flowed into a larger body of water**, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands.
### 三、原因状语从句
从句作原因就是原因状语从句。原因状语的引导词有四个:because, for, as, since。
【例子】
However, the idea that amphibians have no control whatsoever over their body temperature has been proven false **because their body temperature does not always correspond to the surrounding temperature.**
### 四、条件状语从句
由引导词 if 或 unless 引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中,条件是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作),其它事情(主句中的动作)才能发生。
【例子】
Thus, **unless they can use the mechanisms described above**, amphibians are at the mercy of ambient temperatures.
### 五、目的状语从句
目的状语从句:从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。该从句的引导词有:that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case 等词。
【例子】
Cleisthenes' reforms reduced aristocratic power by reorganizing the citizen body and changing the entry points to civic life **so that political power did not rely on traditional family and clan structures.**
### 六、让步状语从句
让步状语从句,翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。让步状语从句的连接词有:though,although, even though 和 even if。
【例子】
**Even if the new population is of a different species**, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.
### 七、比较状语从句
比较状语从句是其中的一种,主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级:as…as(和……一样),not so(as)…as …(和不一样);比较级:more…than(更);最高级:The most…in/of, the + 形容词+est…of/in。常用引导词:as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较);特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; no … more than;not A so much as B。
【例子】
and generally speaking, **the more complex the structure of vegetation,** the more species of animal are able to make a living there.
### 八、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由 as, like, as if, as though, the way 等引导,多用来谈论某人的行为或者做某事的方式。
【例子】
One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look **as if it were a right hand.**
### 九、结果状语从句
结果状语从句是英语学科中的一个句型。从句常由 so … that 或 such … that 引导。
【例子】
This came about from two major developments: paper became common, replacing parchment as the major medium for writing, and rounded scripts were regularized and perfected **so that they replaced the angular scripts of the previous period, which because of their angularity were uneven in height.**
以上就是对状语从句的初步介绍,如果大家想知道更多的关于状语从句的知识点,可以浏览朗播网的相关文章。