托福阅读长难句精讲:同位语从句(6)
2018 年 01 月 15 日
来源:朗播网
摘要:托福阅读长难句的重点和难点在于:句子中会嵌套着若干子句,同学们理解起来会比较困难。那么,我们究竟该如何提高分析托福阅读长难句能力呢?小编对托福阅读真题中的长难句进行了分析整理,并附上专业的子句成分划分和知识点梳理为大家进行讲解。希望同学们有所收获。
## 托福长难句
The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging — such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories — but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another.
## 专家解析
### 【难点】
本句的难点在于从句较多,除了用连接词连接的从句,还有用破折号连接的从句。最快理解这句话的方法还是从连接词入手。破折号后面是一个完整的句子,即是对 energy costs of exaggerated begging的补充说明。连接词 but 连接的是两个介词结构,不是句子。连接词 that 后面跟了一个缺少宾语的句子,that 代替先行词 damage 在从句中作宾语。Which 引导的定语从句中,缺少主语,which 代替 siblings 在从句中作主语。
### 【子句拆分】
主句:The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging but rather in the damage.
同位语从句:Such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories.
定语从句1:Any successful cheater would do the damage to its siblings.
定语从句2:The siblings share genes with one another.
### 【成分划分】
主句:The answer [主语] lies apparently not in [谓语] the increased energy costs [宾语] of exaggerated begging [定语] but rather [连接词] in [谓语] the damage. [宾语]
翻译:这个问题的答案显然不在于过分乞食而增加的能量消耗,而是在于一种危害。
同位语从句:Such energy costs [主语] are [系动词] small [表语] relative to the potential gain in calories. [状语]
翻译:比起潜在可以获得的热量,这种能量消耗相对很小。
连接词:THAT
定语从句1:Any successful cheater [主语] would do [谓语] the damage [宾语] to its siblings. [状语]
翻译:任何成功的欺骗行为都会对它们的同伴产生危害。
连接词:WHICH
定语从句2:The siblings [主语] share [谓语] genes [宾语] with one another. [状语]
翻译:这些同伴彼此共享基因。
### 【全句翻译】
这个问题的答案显然不在于过分乞食而增加的能量消耗(比起潜在可以获得的热量,这种能量消耗相对很小),而是在于,任何成功的欺骗行为都会对和它们共享基因的同伴产生危害。
## 知识点梳理
### 定语从句
在主从复合句中,对名词(或者整个句子)限定修饰,起定语作用的句子,就是定语从句。
① They rushed over to help the man <u>whose car had broken down.</u>
② The school <u>that he once studied in is very famous.</u>
### 同位语从句
在主从复合句中,作同位语的句子,表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释。
① But now the question comes to their minds, <u>“Did she die young because she was a clone?”</u>
② The girls were surprised at the fact <u>that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.</u>
有些看起来很长的托福阅读长难句其实并不难懂,只要我们能够正确拆分句子,清楚各个句子成分。希望通过上面的解析,大家能够掌握托福长难句的分析方法,然后进行大量的练习,从而提高自己的句子理解能力。