托福阅读长难句精讲:主从复合句(20)
2018 年 05 月 03 日
来源:朗播网
摘要:长难句是托福阅读考试中必考的内容。搞定长难句,对同学们提高阅读成绩非常有帮助。长难句分析的重点和难点在于划分句子成分,理清楚句子中复杂的逻辑关系。下面小编为大家整理了一些托福阅读中的长难句,并附加了专业的解析和知识点梳理,希望对大家有所帮助。
## 托福长难句
These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or "dropstones," a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarse material is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from its source, into otherwise very fine grained sediment.
## 专家解析
### 【难点】
这个句子的难点在于修饰性成分较多,这给大家判断句子造成了一定的困难。当一个句子中的有较多的修饰性成分(短语,从句等),可以暂时跳过不看,这有助于快速找到句子主干。该句的谓语动词是 contain,找到了谓语动词,根据谓语动词的类型(contain 为及物动词)可以判断句子的类型:主谓,主谓宾等,根据 contain 可以判断这是一个主谓宾结构的句子,故 contain 前面的内容为主语,contain 后面的内容为宾语,故句子主干为:These sediments contain pebbles or "dropstones"。逗号后面的内容是对前面的 pebbles or "dropstones" 的进一步说明,为同位语。glacial environments 后是一个由 where 引导的定语从句,where 在定语从句中充当状语,即 glacial environments 在定语从句中充当地点状语,where 可以替换成 in which,即 in glacial environments。在 where 引导的定语从句中,far from grained sediment 充当状语。
### 【子句拆分】
主句:These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or "dropstones", a characteristic feature of glacial environments.
定语从句:In glacial environments coarse material is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from its source, into otherwise very fine grained sediment.
### 【成分划分】
主句:These fine-grained, layered sediments [主语] even [状语] contain [谓语] occasional large pebbles [宾语] or [连接词] "dropstones," [宾语] a characteristic feature of glacial environments. [同位语]
翻译:这些细粒的、层状的沉积物有时甚至含有大卵石或者说是 “滴石” ,它是冰川环境的一个典型特点。
连接词:WHERE
定语从句:In glacial environments [状语] coarse material [主语] is sometimes carried on [谓语] floating ice [宾语] and [连接词] dropped [谓语] far from its source, [状语] into otherwise very fine grained sediment. [状语]
翻译:在冰川环境中粗糙的物质有时候会被浮冰带到离它的来源地很远的地方,并且沉入其他的颗粒特别细的沉积物中。
### 【全句翻译】
这些细粒的、层状的沉积物有时甚至含有大卵石或者说是 “滴石” ,它是冰川环境的一个典型特点,在冰川环境中粗糙的物质有时候会被浮冰带到离它的来源地很远的地方,并且沉入其他的颗粒特别细的沉积物中。
## 知识点梳理
### 定语从句
在主从复合句中,对名词(或者整个句子)限定修饰,起定语作用的句子,就是定语从句。
① They rushed over to help the man <u>whose car had broken down.</u>
② The school <u>that he once studied in</u> is very famous.
### 同位语
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
① A new household convenience, <u>the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator,</u> had been invented.
② Most of them range in size from $5,000 to $12,500, <u>a welcome sum to many young practitioners</u>.
以上就是小编为大家整理的关于托福阅读长难句的相关知识,希望大家能够从中掌握长难句分析的方法,并多加练习。了解更多托福资讯,欢迎关注朗播托福!