托福阅读长难句精讲:主从复合句(19)
2018 年 05 月 03 日
来源:朗播网
摘要:长难句是托福阅读考试中必考的内容。搞定长难句,对同学们提高阅读成绩非常有帮助。长难句分析的重点和难点在于划分句子成分,理清楚句子中复杂的逻辑关系。下面小编为大家整理了一些托福阅读中的长难句,并附加了专业的解析和知识点梳理,希望对大家有所帮助。
## 托福长难句
The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.
## 专家解析
### 【难点】
这个句子的难点在于主语和谓语相隔较远,这给大家寻找句子主干带来了一定困难。实际上,不管看起来多么长多么难的句子,只要我们找到句子的主干,整句话理解起来就容易多了。想要找到句子主干,就要找出句子中的谓语(也可理解为找谓语动词)。在找句子主干的过程中,我们要暂时忽略到那些修饰性成分。这句话的第一个谓语动词是 often 后的 carry,再继续往后看,虽然还有谓语动词,但已经是从句里的谓语动词了,故主句中只有一个谓语动词 carry,整句话的主干即为 The external surfaces of plants often carry spiky hairs,为主谓结构。找到句子主干后,再看其他修饰性成分(短语或从句)。being covered by ... cuticle 为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰其前面的 The external surfaces of plants;known as trichomes 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 spiky hairs;which 引导的定语从句,来修饰 spiky hairs,其中关系词 which 在定语从句中充当主语,故不可省略。
### 【子句拆分】
主句:The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes.
定语从句:Spiky hairs either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.
### 【成分划分】
主句:The external surfaces of plants[主语], in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle[定语], often [状语]carry[谓语] spiky hairs[宾语] known as trichomes[定语].
翻译:植物表面除了被表皮和蜡质层包裹,还长着被称为毛状体的刺毛。
连接词:WHICH
定语从句:Spiky hairs[主语] either prevent[谓语] feeding[宾语] by insects[状语] or[连接词] may even puncture and kill[谓语] insect larvae[宾语].
翻译:刺毛不但可以阻止昆虫啃食,甚至能刺死幼虫。
### 【全句翻译】
植物表面除了被表皮和蜡质层包裹,还长着被称为毛状体的刺毛,这些刺毛不但可以阻止昆虫啃食,甚至能刺死幼虫。
## 知识点梳理
### 主从复合句
含有两套或更多的主谓结构,其中有一个是主要的主谓结构,其他主谓结构从属于它并且担任起句子成分。
① They believe <u>that thecomputer will finally take the place of human beings</u>.
② He asked me <u>where hecould get such medicine</u>.
### 定语从句
在主从复合句中,对名词(或者整个句子)限定修饰,起定语作用的句子,就是定语从句。
① They rushed over to help the man <u>whose car had broken down</u>.
② The school <u>that he once studied in</u> is very famous.
### 分词(或分词)短语作后置定语
① Books <u>written in English</u> are more expensive.
② The question <u>being discussed</u> is very important.
③ The house <u>being built</u> will be our library upon its completion.
以上就是小编为大家整理的关于托福阅读长难句的相关知识,希望大家能够从中掌握长难句分析的方法,并多加练习。了解更多托福资讯,欢迎关注朗播托福!