托福阅读长难句精讲:同位语从句(4)
2017 年 11 月 17 日
来源:朗播网
摘要:托福阅读长难句读不懂怎么办?为帮助大家克服托福阅读长难句的障碍,小编给大家整理了一些托福阅读长难句解析,还附有知识点梳理等内容,供大家学习参考。
## 托福阅读长难句
The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators.
## 托福阅读长难句专家解析
### 【难点】
整体来讲,这是一个主从复合句。这个句子的难点在于主句中同时有一个同位语从句(that begging calls… properties)和一个定语从句(that reduce… predators),在这个定语从句中又包含了一个同位语从句,即冒号后面的内容;在这个同位语从句中又包含了一个定语从句(that experience … nest predators),而在这个定语从句中还出现了比较级。整句话的嵌套成分非常多,同学们在分析的时候一定要慢慢来,将嵌套的子句拆分出来,理清楚其中的修饰关系。
### 【子句拆分】
同位语从句:Baby birds of species should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators.
定语从句: Baby birds of species experience high rates of nest predation.
主句:The hypothesis yields a prediction.
同位语从句:Begging calls have evolved properties.
定语从句: The properties reduce their potential for attracting predators.
### 【成分划分】
同位语从句:Baby birds of species [主语] should produce [谓语] softer begging signals [宾语] of higher frequency [定语] than nestlings of other species [状语] less often victimized by nest predators. [定语]
翻译:与那些较少被捕食者猎杀的种类的雏鸟相比,一些种类的雏鸟需要发出声音更轻、频率更高的乞食信号。
连接词:THAT
定语从句:Baby birds of species [主语] experience [谓语] high rates of nest predation. [宾语]
翻译:这种雏鸟的鸟巢经常遭到捕食者破坏。
主句:The hypothesis [主语] yields [谓语] a prediction. [宾语]
翻译:种假设产生了一种预测。
连接词:THAT
同位语从句:Begging calls [主语] have evolved [谓语] properties. [宾语]
翻译:乞食叫声逐渐进化形成一些特性。
连接词:THAT
定语从句:The properties [主语] reduce [谓语] their potential [宾语] for attracting predators. [定语]
翻译:这些特性减小了吸引捕食者的可能性。
### 【全句翻译】
一种假设认为乞食叫声逐渐进化形成某些特性,可以减小吸引捕食者可能性,这假设产生一种预测:与那些较少被捕食者猎杀的种类的雏鸟相比,经常面临捕食者威胁的种类的雏鸟会发出声音更轻、频率更高的乞食声。
## 托福阅读长难句知识点梳理
### 同位语从句
在主动复合句中,作同位语的句子,表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释。
① <u>But now the question comes to their minds, “<u>Did she die young because she was a clone</u>?”
② The girls were surprised at the fact <u>that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes</u>.
有些看起来很长的托福阅读长难句其实并不难懂,只要我们能够正确拆分句子,清楚各个句子成分。希望通过上面的解析,大家能够掌握托福长难句的分析方法,然后进行大量的练习,从而提高自己的句子理解能力。