托福阅读长难句精讲:简单句(10)
2018 年 05 月 03 日
来源:朗播网
摘要:很多同学托福阅读成绩不理想的主要原因,在于读不懂其中的长难句,不会分析句法成分,理不清楚句子内部的逻辑关系。下面小编为大家整理了一些长难句,并附上详细的句子成分划分和知识点梳理,希望对大家分析长难句、提高阅读成绩有所帮助。
## 托福长难句
To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools and materials.
## 专家解析
### 【难点】
这个句子的难点在于修饰成分较多,这就给我们理解整个句子的意思带来了一定的困难。当一个句子的修饰性成分较多的时候,我们需要做的是先忽略这些修饰性成分,在这个基础上找到句子主干。这句话的主语是 colonial artisans,(第一个)谓语是 tried,宾语是 to keep their shops,接着出现了 and 这类并列连词,and 后面是 to do 不定式,根据平行结构,and 连接的是 to keep their shops 和 to regularize their schedules and methods of production 这两部分,故 and 后的不定式短语也是 tried 的宾语,故整个句子是一个含有并列宾语的简单句,句子的主干为 colonial artisans tried to keep their shops and to regularize their schedules and methods of production。找到句子主干后,我们再来看主干之外的其他内容。To the best of their ability 为介词短语作目的状语,表示“为了......”,as ... as possible结构表示“尽可能......”,作状语。这里应该注意的是出现在名词后面的介词短语,可能充当定语,也可能充当状语,判断依据在于对句意的理解,即从逻辑上来讲,是否讲得通。for the best return 在这里为目的状语,表示“为了......”,如果理解为 production 的定语,从句意上是讲不通的,故排除定语的可能;on their ... materials 介词短语作后置定语,修饰 the best return 这个名词性短语,从句意和逻辑上讲得通,故为定语。
### 【子句拆分】
简单句:To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools and materials.
### 【成分划分】
简单句:To the best of their ability, [状语] colonial artisans [主语] tried to keep [谓语] their shops [宾语] as efficient as possible [状语] and [连接词] to regularize [谓语] their schedules [宾语] and [连接词] methods of production [宾语] for the best return [状语] on their investment in time, tools and materials. [定语]
翻译:殖民地的工匠们试图在做生意时尽量保持高效率,并且为了给投入的时间、工具和原料换回最大的收益,而调整他们的日程安排和生产方式。
### 【全句翻译】
殖民地的工匠们试图在做生意时尽量保持高效率,并且为了给投入的时间、工具和原料换回最大的收益,而调整他们的日程安排和生产方式。
## 知识点梳理
### 简单句
英语中,只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫做简单句。
① Things change.
② She became a lawyer.
### 不定式(to do)
不定式,即“不一定是什么词性的成分”,可当作名词、形容词和副词来使用。因此,不定式在句中能够充当除了谓语之外的任何其他成分。
① It's impossible for people <u>to stare directly at the sun</u>.(不定式作主语)
② He promised not <u>to tell anyone about it</u>.(不定式作宾语)
③ I think it hard <u>to answer the question</u>.(不定式作宾语)
④ She has four children <u>to take care of</u>.(不定式作定语,句型一般为:名词 + to do sth)
⑤ I went to the post office <u>to mail a letter</u>.(不定式作目的状语)
⑥ We hurried to the railway station, <u>only to find the train had just left</u>.(不定式作结果状语)
以上就是小编为大家整理的托福阅读长难句的相关知识。希望同学们能够掌握方法,训练能力,最终提高考试成绩。了解更多托福资讯,关注朗播托福!